1. Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema seen in childhood. This condition is usually accompanied by other allergy symptoms such as hay fever, asthma, etc. The location of the rash is very typical, such as:

• Folds of the skin

• Creases of elbows or knees

Other symptoms of atopic dermatitis include:

• Small Bumps on the skin

• Fluid may ooze on scratching

• Discoloration in areas that are affected

• Babies may get this rash on the cheeks and scalp

• Skin can be super itchy, causing distress, especially in sleep
  

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2. Contact dermatitis is the second most common type of eczema. As the name suggests, it appears in areas of contact such as:

• palms

• fingers

• face

• other areas of skin contact with the allergen or toxin

This can be caused by:

• An allergen such as soaps, perfumes or detergents 

• Toxins such as chemicals, poisonous plants, venomous bites, tobacco smoke, and fumes

Symptoms of contact dermatitis include:

• Itchy Skin

• Hives and welts

• Fluid-filled blisters

• Over a period of time, the skin may feel leathery and scaly to the touch.

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3. Dyshidrotic eczema

This condition is more commonly seen in women than men in Australia. It usually appears on 

• the palms of the hands 

• and soles of the feet. 

• fingers and toes

Symptoms include:

• Small blisters may appear on fingers, toes, palms, and feet

• Affected skin can be very itchy and painful

• Skin can appear scaly, flaky, and cracked

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4. Seborrheic dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis is a type of eczema also called cradle cap. It is often seen in newborns, infants, and children but can also appear later in life. The sebaceous gland produces oil in the body. Seborrheic dermatitis affects areas of the skin where the body produces oil, such as:

• Hairline

• Scalp

• Upper back

• Nose

• Groin

• Armpits

• Under breast

Skin in seborrheic dermatitis appears 

• Flakey-like Dandruff on the scalp, hairline, and face

• Yellow scales on top of oily skin on scalp and hairline, armpits, and groin

• White flakes all over the body, especially in oil-producing areas, the face, and the hairline.

• People with darker skin may notice areas looking darker in pigmentation, and flakes may also appear darker.

Seborrheic dermatitis is commonly seen in newborns, infants, and adults.

This type of eczema in adults is worse in the summer months.

Causes:

There could be many triggers and causes of this type of eczema—seborrheic dermatitis.

In infants and newborns, the causes and triggers could be:

• Infection to the mother during pregnancy

• Infection and antibiotic treatment just after birth

• Poor gut microbiome of moms and newborns

• Poor nutrition of the mother during and after pregnancy

• Poor nutrition of the mother post-delivery

• Stress in breastfeeding moms.

In teenagers and adults, the causes and triggers could be:

• Yeast Infection

• Infection and constant use of harsh chemical medications

• Poor gut microbiome 

• Poor nutrition 

• Stress

• Poor Lifestyle

• Poor hygiene

• Poor Immunity 

• Chronic diseases such as Parkinsons, HIV, etc

• Hormonal changes in the body such as menopause, puberty, post-pregnancy, pregnancy

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5. Neurodermatitis

Similar to atopic dermatitis, the skin appears:

• Thick, Scaly, Patchy on legs, arms, back of neck, scalp, the bottom of feet, back of hands, and/or genitals

• The patches can be itchy, especially at night when the person is relaxed or asleep. Hence, this type of eczema can affect the quality of sleep and mood.

• The patches can be very itchy, and a person can scratch until they bleed, especially when sleeping. The patches can develop secondary infections

Cause:

It is hard to determine the exact cause of this dermatitis, except that the biggest trigger is stress and the nervous system. It’s commonly seen in people 

• who are highly strung and uptight

• highly anxious or depressed

• been through trauma or shock

• working in high-stress environment

• who are high achievers

• who have adrenal fatigue or adrenal burnout

• who run on constant fight-flight response

• people who may have had other types of eczema as children

• people who may have other skin conditions like Psoriasis

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6. Stasis dermatitis

Stasis means a stoppage in flow. This dermatitis is caused by a stoppage of the flow of blood in affected areas. This type of eczema is characterised by fluid discharge. The fluid leaks from weak veins in the body. Hence, it is commonly seen in people with varicose veins. The valves in veins malfunction, causing blood stagnation.

The fluid can cause:

• Inflammation

• Swelling

• Redness

• Itching

• Pain

• brown and purple discolorations

Symptoms include:

• Skin over varicose veins appears dry and itchy

• Legs may feel heavy and can ache

• Thick varicose veins in legs that appear thick and damaged

• Sores on the legs affected by varicose veins

• Swelling on the legs

Causes:

Poor blood flow problems in the lower legs cause stasis dermatitis.

7. Hand Eczema 

This type of eczema is similar to contact dermatitis but only appears on the palms and hands.

This type of eczema is commonly seen in people dealing with hand exposure to chemical irritants in professions such as 

• Hairdressers

• Cleaners

• healthcare professionals

Symptoms:

1. Hand appears red, hyperpigmented, itchy, dry, and scaly

2. Cracks and blisters appear on the palms

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8. Nummular eczema:

The word is nummular is a Latin word that means “coin”. Hence, Nummular eczema is identified by

• Small, round, coin-shaped spots on the skin

• it is easy to differentiate it from other types of eczema as it has defined margins

• Can be itchy and become scaly

Causes and triggers:

• Allergic reaction to insect bites

• Allergic reaction to metals

• Allergic reaction to toxins